Cabbage roses (Rosa centifolia), or Provence roses, were developed in the 17th and 18th centuries by Dutch breeders and were favorite subjects in the Old Dutch Masters paintings. Best known for their "one hundred-petaled," cabbagelike bloom shape, these old garden roses are crosses between alba (Rosa alba) and damask (Rosa damascena) roses and usually bloom only once per season. They are tough, winter-hardy, disease-resistant plants with coarse leaves and long canes that nod under the weight of their dense, fragrant blooms.