Fraxinus nigra, the black ash, is a species of ash native to much of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, from western Newfoundland west to southeastern Manitoba, and south to Illinois and northern Virginia. Formerly abundant, as of 2014 the species is threatened with near total extirpation throughout its range, as a result of infestation by a parasitic insect known as the emerald ash borer.
Black ash is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching 15â20 m (exceptionally 26 m) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm (24 inches) diameter, or exceptionally to 160 cm (63 inches). The bark is grey, thick and corky even on young trees, becoming scaly and fissured with age. The winter buds are dark brown to blackish, with a velvety texture. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with 7â13 (most often 9) leaflets; each leaf is 20â45 cm (8â18 in) long, the leaflets 7â16 cm (2 3â4â6 1â4 in) long and 2.5â5 cm (1â2 in) broad, with a finely toothed margin. The leaflets are sessile, directly attached to the rachis without a petiolule. The flowers are produced in spring shortly before the new leaves, in loose panicles; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The fruit is a samara 2.5â4.5 cm (1â1 3â4 in) long comprising a single seed 2 cm (3â4 in) long with an elongated apical wing 1.5â2 cm (5â8â3â4 in) long and 6â8 mm (1â4â5â16 in) broad.